The discovery of MgB2 refers to the identification of magnesium diboride as a novel superconductor in 2001, which exhibits superconductivity at a relatively high critical temperature of around 39 K. This finding was groundbreaking because it challenged existing theories about superconductors, suggesting that materials with simpler structures could exhibit superconducting properties. MgB2 opened new avenues for research and potential applications in superconducting devices and technology.
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