The Declaration of Independence

Definition

The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, that proclaimed the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule. This foundational text outlines the philosophical principles of individual rights and government by consent, which were heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers. The Declaration serves as a vital symbol of American values and the commitment to liberty and equality.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration was primarily drafted by Thomas Jefferson, with input from other founding fathers such as John Adams and Benjamin Franklin.
2. It famously states that 'all men are created equal' and asserts the right to revolt against oppressive governments.
3. The Declaration served not only as a statement of independence but also as a manifesto for human rights and democracy.
4. It was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia after a debate on its contents and implications for the colonies.
5. The impact of the Declaration extended beyond America, inspiring revolutions and movements for independence around the world.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment philosophy influence the ideas presented in the Declaration of Independence?
  • Enlightenment philosophy significantly shaped the ideas in the Declaration of Independence, particularly concepts like natural rights and government accountability. Thinkers like John Locke emphasized that individuals have inherent rights to life, liberty, and property. This influenced Thomas Jefferson's assertion that these rights are unalienable and that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed. The Declaration reflects these principles by advocating for individual freedoms and justifying rebellion against tyranny.
• Discuss the significance of the phrase 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness' found in the Declaration of Independence.
  • 'Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness' is a central phrase in the Declaration of Independence that encapsulates the core values of American democracy. It signifies that individuals have essential rights that must be protected by their government. This phrase not only reflects Enlightenment ideals about human rights but also establishes a standard for evaluating governmental authority. It served as a rallying cry for independence and laid a foundation for future civil rights movements in America.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of the Declaration of Independence on American society and its global impact on democratic movements.
  • The long-term effects of the Declaration of Independence on American society include the establishment of foundational principles that continue to guide democratic governance and civil rights in the United States. Its assertion of individual liberties has inspired various social movements seeking justice and equality over the centuries. Globally, the Declaration served as a catalyst for other nations' struggles for independence and democracy, influencing revolutions in France, Latin America, and beyond. Its enduring legacy lies in its role as a universal symbol advocating for human rights.

Related terms

Natural Rights: Fundamental rights inherent to all individuals, often articulated as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, that the government must protect.

Social Contract: A philosophical concept proposing that individuals consent to form a government to protect their natural rights, agreeing to abide by its rules in exchange for protection.

Thomas Jefferson: The principal author of the Declaration of Independence and third President of the United States, who was influenced by Enlightenment ideals in writing the document.