Hubble Space Telescope

Definition

The Hubble Space Telescope is a large, space-based observatory launched in 1990 that has provided some of the most detailed images and data of astronomical objects, significantly enhancing our understanding of the universe. By observing in visible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared wavelengths, it allows astronomers to explore various cosmic phenomena, bridging gaps between different fields like astronomy, astrophysics, and space science.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hubble has made over 1.5 million observations since its launch, contributing to significant discoveries in astronomy, such as the rate of expansion of the universe.
2. It operates above Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of about 547 kilometers (approximately 340 miles), allowing it to capture clear images without atmospheric interference.
3. The telescope's large primary mirror, measuring 2.4 meters (7.9 feet) in diameter, is designed to collect more light and provide sharper images of distant celestial objects.
4. Hubble has played a crucial role in the study of exoplanets, helping scientists analyze their atmospheres and determine potential habitability.
5. Its data has contributed to key theories in cosmology, including the existence of dark energy and the formation of galaxies.

Review Questions

• How has the Hubble Space Telescope contributed to advancements in our understanding of cosmic phenomena?
  • The Hubble Space Telescope has significantly advanced our understanding of cosmic phenomena by providing high-resolution images and data across various wavelengths. Its observations have led to breakthroughs in understanding the expansion rate of the universe and the lifecycle of stars. Additionally, Hubble has helped identify exoplanets and study their characteristics, enhancing our knowledge of planetary systems beyond our own.
• Discuss the impact of Hubble's position in low Earth orbit on its observational capabilities compared to ground-based telescopes.
  • Hubble's position in low Earth orbit allows it to observe celestial objects without the distortions caused by Earth's atmosphere that affect ground-based telescopes. This advantage enables Hubble to capture clearer and more detailed images across a range of wavelengths, including ultraviolet light that cannot penetrate the atmosphere. As a result, Hubble has provided unique insights into various astronomical phenomena that would be challenging to study from the ground.
• Evaluate the role of Hubble Space Telescope data in shaping current theories about dark energy and galaxy formation.
  • Data from the Hubble Space Telescope has been instrumental in shaping current theories about dark energy and galaxy formation. By measuring redshifts of distant galaxies, Hubble has provided evidence for an accelerating universe, leading to theories about dark energy's influence on cosmic expansion. Additionally, observations of galaxy clusters and formations have helped astronomers understand how galaxies evolve over time and interact with one another, contributing to our broader understanding of the universe's structure.

Related terms

Electromagnetic Spectrum: The range of all types of light waves, including visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation, which are essential for astronomical observations.

Orbit: The path that a satellite like Hubble follows around Earth, allowing it to avoid atmospheric distortion and capture clearer images of space.

Redshift: A phenomenon where light from distant objects shifts toward longer wavelengths, indicating how fast those objects are moving away from us and providing insights into the universe's expansion.