Lead-acid battery

Definition

A lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses lead dioxide as the positive plate, sponge lead as the negative plate, and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. It was one of the first types of rechargeable batteries and has been widely used in various applications, particularly in vehicles and backup power systems. This technology laid the foundation for modern battery development and provides a basis for comparison with newer energy storage technologies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lead-acid batteries were invented in 1859 by French engineer Gaston Planté, making them one of the oldest types of rechargeable batteries still in use today.
2. These batteries are known for their high surge currents, which makes them ideal for applications like starting internal combustion engines in vehicles.
3. Lead-acid batteries are relatively inexpensive to manufacture compared to other battery technologies, but they also have a lower energy density.
4. The overall lifespan of a lead-acid battery can be affected by factors such as temperature, depth of discharge, and maintenance practices.
5. Recycling is a significant aspect of lead-acid battery technology, as up to 95% of the materials can be recovered and reused in new batteries.

Review Questions

• How did the invention of the lead-acid battery influence the development of subsequent battery technologies?
  • The invention of the lead-acid battery marked a significant milestone in battery technology because it provided an early model for rechargeable systems. Its design principles and chemical reactions informed the development of later technologies, like nickel-cadmium and lithium-ion batteries. The lead-acid battery's ability to be recharged made it a valuable resource for various applications, paving the way for innovations in portable power solutions.
• In what ways do lead-acid batteries compare to newer energy storage technologies regarding performance and cost?
  • When comparing lead-acid batteries to newer energy storage technologies like lithium-ion batteries, several key differences emerge. While lead-acid batteries are generally less expensive to manufacture and recycle, they have lower energy densities and shorter cycle lives. This means that lead-acid batteries can provide high currents but may not hold as much total energy or last as long as lithium-ion alternatives. These differences affect their use in applications where weight and space are critical considerations.
• Evaluate the impact of recycling practices on the sustainability and environmental footprint of lead-acid batteries compared to other battery technologies.
  • Recycling practices for lead-acid batteries significantly enhance their sustainability profile, as about 95% of materials can be recovered for reuse. This contrasts with some newer battery technologies, which may have more complex recycling processes and less efficient material recovery rates. The high recyclability of lead-acid batteries reduces environmental impact by minimizing waste and conserving resources, making them a more sustainable option within certain contexts when compared to less recyclable alternatives like lithium-ion batteries.

Related terms

Electrolyte: A substance that conducts electricity by the movement of ions, essential for the chemical reactions that occur in batteries.

Discharge: The process by which a battery releases stored electrical energy, typically resulting in a drop in voltage.

Battery cycle life: The number of complete charge and discharge cycles a battery can undergo before its capacity significantly diminishes.