Humanism

Definition

Humanism is an intellectual movement that emerged during the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of human potential and achievements, focusing on the study of classical texts and the promotion of secular themes. This philosophy encouraged a shift from a solely religious worldview to one that celebrated human reason, individualism, and the exploration of human experiences, arts, and sciences, significantly influencing the cultural landscape of the Elizabethan era.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humanism was characterized by a focus on classical learning and texts, which led to advancements in literature, philosophy, and education during the Renaissance.
2. Key figures of humanism include scholars like Erasmus and Thomas More, who emphasized moral philosophy and the importance of education in shaping ethical individuals.
3. In literature, humanism inspired writers such as Shakespeare to explore themes of individuality, emotion, and the complexities of human nature in their works.
4. Humanism also contributed to a greater appreciation for the arts, encouraging artists to draw inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman models, leading to remarkable achievements in painting and sculpture.
5. The rise of humanism coincided with the decline of feudalism and the increasing importance of individual agency, setting the stage for modern concepts of democracy and personal rights.

Review Questions

• How did humanism influence literary themes during the Elizabethan era?
  • Humanism had a profound impact on literary themes during the Elizabethan era by encouraging writers to focus on individual experiences, emotions, and moral dilemmas. This shift allowed authors like Shakespeare to delve into complex character development and portray a wide range of human emotions. The exploration of themes such as love, ambition, and identity reflected the humanist belief in valuing human experience and reason over religious dogma.
• Analyze how humanism contributed to changes in education during the Renaissance period.
  • Humanism significantly transformed education during the Renaissance by promoting a curriculum based on classical texts and critical thinking. This approach shifted educational focus away from solely religious instruction towards a more comprehensive study of literature, philosophy, history, and science. As a result, educational institutions began to emphasize the development of well-rounded individuals who could engage with civic life thoughtfully and creatively.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of humanism on modern Western thought and society.
  • The long-term effects of humanism on modern Western thought are profound and multifaceted. It laid the groundwork for individual rights, scientific inquiry, and secular governance by emphasizing human reason and potential. This shift in perspective has influenced contemporary concepts of democracy, ethics, and personal freedom. Furthermore, humanism's legacy can be seen in modern education systems that prioritize critical thinking skills and holistic learning approaches.

Related terms

Renaissance: A cultural and intellectual revival in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, marked by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and philosophy.

Classical Antiquity: The period of history encompassing ancient Greece and Rome, whose literature and philosophy heavily influenced Renaissance thinkers and humanists.

Secularism: The principle of separating religion from civic affairs and public education, which became prominent during the Renaissance and influenced humanist thought.