The hijra

Definition

The hijra refers to the migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking a significant turning point in early Islamic history. This event established the first Muslim community and is considered the beginning of the Islamic calendar, symbolizing both a physical journey and a transformative phase in Muhammad's life and revelations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The hijra occurred in 622 CE and is so significant that it marks the start of the Islamic calendar, known as AH (Anno Hegirae).
2. This migration was driven by increasing persecution of Muslims in Mecca, leading Muhammad and his followers to seek refuge in Medina.
3. In Medina, Muhammad established a constitution that governed the relations between Muslims and other communities, including Jews and pagans.
4. The hijra solidified Muhammad's role not just as a prophet but also as a political leader, allowing him to form alliances that would strengthen Islam.
5. This event is celebrated by Muslims around the world and represents resilience, faith, and the importance of community in overcoming adversity.

Review Questions

• What were the key motivations behind Muhammad's decision to undertake the hijra to Medina?
  • Muhammad's decision to migrate to Medina was primarily motivated by the increasing hostility and persecution faced by him and his followers in Mecca. As their message of monotheism threatened the existing social and economic order, they experienced growing oppression. The invitation from Medina offered safety and a chance to establish a supportive community where they could freely practice their faith and grow Islam.
• Discuss how the hijra impacted the formation of the early Muslim community in Medina.
  • The hijra was crucial for forming a cohesive Muslim community in Medina, known as the ummah. It allowed Muhammad to establish himself not only as a spiritual leader but also as a political figure. In Medina, he forged alliances with various tribes, creating a constitution that outlined rights and responsibilities, fostering unity among diverse groups, and ultimately laying the foundation for Islamic governance.
• Evaluate the long-term significance of the hijra on Islamic identity and community building.
  • The hijra holds enduring significance for Islamic identity as it marks the transition from a persecuted minority in Mecca to a powerful community in Medina. It established foundational principles of solidarity, governance, and social justice within Islam. This migration embodies resilience in adversity and highlights the importance of community bonds among Muslims. The narratives surrounding the hijra continue to inspire contemporary Islamic thought on migration, faith, and collective identity.

Related terms

Medina: A city in present-day Saudi Arabia that became the new home for Muhammad and his followers after the hijra, playing a crucial role in the establishment of the early Muslim community.

Ummah: The term for the global community of Muslims, which was solidified during and after the hijra as followers united under Islam.

Yathrib: The original name of Medina, which was later renamed after the hijra to honor Muhammad's arrival and the establishment of the Muslim community.