Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors that play essential roles in bone formation, repair, and maintenance. These proteins are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and are crucial for regulating various cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. BMPs are particularly significant in the context of differentiation and reprogramming as they influence the fate of stem cells and can direct their development into specific lineages, such as osteoblasts for bone tissue formation.
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