Dirac notation, also known as bra-ket notation, is a standard way to denote quantum states in quantum mechanics. It represents state vectors as 'kets' (|ψ⟩) and their dual vectors as 'bras' (⟨φ|), allowing for a clear and concise way to perform calculations involving inner products and outer products. This notation simplifies the representation of complex quantum states and operations, making it easier to analyze phenomena like quantum superposition.
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