Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are devices that use quantum mechanical phenomena to produce sequences of random numbers, which are fundamentally unpredictable. This unpredictability is rooted in the principles of quantum mechanics, where outcomes are not determined until measured, making QRNGs superior to classical methods that often rely on deterministic algorithms. QRNGs play a crucial role in enhancing security for cryptographic systems and contribute to the development of quantum-safe hardware and post-quantum cryptographic modules.
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