Parthenon Marbles

Definition

The Parthenon Marbles, also known as the Elgin Marbles, are a collection of classical Greek sculptures that were originally part of the Parthenon temple on the Acropolis of Athens. These marbles, created in the 5th century BCE, showcase exceptional artistry and represent important aspects of ancient Greek culture, including religion, mythology, and civic pride.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Parthenon Marbles were removed from Greece in the early 19th century by Lord Elgin, who claimed to have obtained permission from the Ottoman authorities at the time.
2. The marbles include a series of friezes, metopes, and sculptures that depict various mythological and historical scenes, showcasing the height of classical Greek artistry.
3. The debate over the ownership of the Parthenon Marbles continues today, with Greece requesting their return from the British Museum, citing cultural and historical significance.
4. The marbles are considered masterpieces of classical sculpture, reflecting the artistic innovations of their time and influencing later art and architecture.
5. The Parthenon itself was built in honor of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and war, underscoring its religious importance in ancient Athens.

Review Questions

• How do the Parthenon Marbles exemplify the artistic achievements of ancient Greece?
  • The Parthenon Marbles exemplify the artistic achievements of ancient Greece through their intricate design and masterful execution. Created under the supervision of Phidias, these sculptures showcase advanced techniques in relief carving and proportion. The various depictions of mythological figures and historical events not only reflect the aesthetic values of the time but also demonstrate the cultural significance placed on beauty and storytelling in public art.
• Discuss the historical context surrounding the removal of the Parthenon Marbles by Lord Elgin and its implications for cultural heritage.
  • The removal of the Parthenon Marbles by Lord Elgin occurred during a time when Greece was under Ottoman rule in the early 19th century. Elgin claimed to have received permission to take these artifacts to Britain, where they were later displayed in the British Museum. This act has sparked ongoing debates about cultural heritage and ownership, as many believe that these marbles are an integral part of Greek history and identity. The controversy highlights broader issues related to colonialism and the repatriation of cultural artifacts.
• Evaluate the impact that the Parthenon Marbles have had on modern discussions about cultural property rights and repatriation.
  • The Parthenon Marbles have significantly influenced modern discussions about cultural property rights and repatriation by serving as a key case study in debates about ownership and ethical stewardship. Their removal from Greece has led to increased awareness and advocacy for returning artifacts to their country of origin, emphasizing the importance of cultural context. The ongoing dispute has prompted international dialogues on how museums should handle collections obtained during colonial periods, ultimately pushing for legal frameworks that respect cultural heritage while balancing global interests in art preservation.

Related terms

Acropolis: An ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above Athens, containing significant historical structures, including the Parthenon.

Phidias:

A renowned ancient Greek sculptor who is attributed with designing and overseeing the creation of the Parthenon sculptures.

Cultural Heritage:

The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society inherited from past generations.