National Historic Preservation Act

Definition

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is a U.S. law enacted in 1966 aimed at preserving historical and archaeological sites across the country. The act established a framework for protecting significant historic properties, emphasizing the importance of cultural heritage in national identity and community planning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NHPA was passed in response to growing public concern about urban development and the loss of historical sites in the mid-20th century.
2. The act created the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, which advises the president and federal agencies on matters relating to historic preservation.
3. It encourages collaboration between federal, state, and local governments to enhance the protection of historic resources.
4. The NHPA not only focuses on federally-owned sites but also extends its influence to state and local properties through various incentives and funding mechanisms.
5. A key feature of the NHPA is its emphasis on public participation in the preservation process, ensuring that local communities have a voice in decisions affecting their historical heritage.

Review Questions

• How does the National Historic Preservation Act promote collaboration among different levels of government?
  • The National Historic Preservation Act fosters collaboration by requiring federal agencies to engage with state and local governments when planning projects that may affect historic properties. This collaborative approach is critical during the Section 106 review process, which ensures that local perspectives are considered when decisions are made about the preservation or alteration of historic sites. By involving multiple levels of government, the act helps create a more comprehensive strategy for protecting cultural heritage.
• Discuss the significance of the National Register of Historic Places in relation to the National Historic Preservation Act.
  • The National Register of Historic Places plays a vital role in the implementation of the National Historic Preservation Act by identifying and recognizing properties worthy of preservation. Being listed on the National Register provides legal protections and eligibility for federal tax benefits, incentivizing property owners to maintain their historic sites. This recognition also raises public awareness about cultural heritage, which further encourages community involvement in preservation efforts.
• Evaluate how the National Historic Preservation Act addresses ethical considerations in preserving cultural heritage within diverse communities.
  • The National Historic Preservation Act tackles ethical considerations by promoting inclusivity and community involvement in preservation decisions. It acknowledges that different communities may have unique historical narratives that deserve protection. By encouraging public participation and input from diverse groups, the NHPA seeks to address potential biases in preservation practices and ensure that all cultural stories are valued and preserved. This approach not only enhances respect for cultural diversity but also fosters a sense of ownership and pride within communities regarding their historical heritage.

Related terms

Section 106 Review: A process under the NHPA that requires federal agencies to consider the effects of their projects on historic properties and to provide the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation with an opportunity to comment.

National Register of Historic Places: A list maintained by the National Park Service that recognizes districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture.

State Historic Preservation Officers: Officials designated by each state to oversee the preservation of historic properties, administer federal and state preservation programs, and act as a liaison between federal agencies and local communities.