Neo-ottomanism

Definition

Neo-ottomanism is a political and cultural ideology that seeks to revive the influence and legacy of the Ottoman Empire in contemporary Turkish society and foreign policy. This concept promotes a sense of national pride linked to the Ottoman past and encourages Turkey to adopt a more assertive role in regional affairs, drawing on historical ties and cultural connections with former Ottoman territories.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neo-ottomanism emerged as a prominent ideology during the AKP party's rise to power in Turkey, particularly under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
2. This ideology often reflects a desire to reclaim Turkey's historical leadership role in the Muslim world and to strengthen ties with countries that were part of the Ottoman Empire.
3. Critics argue that neo-ottomanism can lead to increased tensions with neighboring countries due to perceived attempts at hegemony or revisionist policies.
4. Neo-ottomanism is characterized by a blend of nationalist sentiment and Islamic values, often appealing to both secular and religious segments of Turkish society.
5. The concept has influenced Turkey's foreign policy strategies, including its involvement in regional conflicts, such as in Syria and Libya, as well as its diplomatic relations with former Ottoman territories.

Review Questions

• How does neo-ottomanism relate to the legacy of Kemalism in Turkey?
  • Neo-ottomanism contrasts sharply with Kemalism, which advocated for strict secularism and modernization. While Kemalism sought to break away from the Ottoman past, neo-ottomanism embraces it as a source of national pride and identity. This ideological shift reflects a changing narrative in Turkish society where there is an increasing emphasis on historical ties and a desire for a greater regional influence, moving away from the purely secular principles laid down by Atatürk.
• In what ways have domestic challenges impacted Turkey's adoption of neo-ottomanism in its foreign policy?
  • Domestic challenges such as economic issues, social unrest, and political polarization have pushed Turkish leadership to embrace neo-ottomanism as a means of rallying national unity. By promoting a return to Ottoman values and historical significance, leaders have sought to create a narrative that diverts attention from internal problems while also fostering a sense of pride. This approach influences Turkey's foreign policy decisions, driving it toward more assertive actions in regions once governed by the Ottomans.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of neo-ottomanism on Turkey's relationships with its neighbors and former Ottoman territories.
  • The long-term implications of neo-ottomanism could lead to both opportunities and challenges for Turkey's relationships with neighboring countries and former Ottoman territories. On one hand, it may foster closer cultural and economic ties due to shared history. On the other hand, if perceived as aggressive expansionism or interference, it could strain diplomatic relations and provoke backlash from neighboring states wary of Turkish influence. The balance between soft power diplomacy rooted in cultural heritage and hard power aspirations will be crucial in determining Turkey's role in the region moving forward.

Related terms

Kemalism: A political ideology based on the reforms and principles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, emphasizing secularism, nationalism, and modernization in Turkey.

Soft Power: The ability to influence others through cultural or ideological means rather than coercion or military force, often utilized by countries to promote their values and enhance their global standing.

Islamism: A political ideology that seeks to implement Islamic principles in government and society, often contrasting with secular governance.