Two Treatises of Government

Definition

The 'Two Treatises of Government' is a foundational text written by John Locke in the late 17th century that outlines his political philosophy, particularly regarding natural rights and the social contract. The first treatise critiques the notion of absolute monarchy, while the second establishes Locke's views on government as a protector of individual rights and the importance of consent in governance. This work significantly influenced modern democratic thought and the development of liberal political theory.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Locke's 'Two Treatises of Government' argues against the divine right of kings, stating that legitimate government must be based on the consent of the governed.
2. The second treatise outlines the idea that individuals have a right to revolt against a government that fails to protect their natural rights.
3. Locke’s work introduced the concept of government as a contract between rulers and citizens, emphasizing mutual obligations.
4. The ideas presented in Locke's treatises were crucial to the development of Enlightenment thinking and significantly influenced the American and French revolutions.
5. Locke’s theories on natural rights directly contributed to modern democratic principles, particularly in the formulation of documents like the U.S. Declaration of Independence.

Review Questions

• How does Locke’s critique of absolute monarchy in the first treatise influence contemporary views on government authority?
  • In the first treatise, Locke argues against absolute monarchy by highlighting its lack of legitimacy without consent from those governed. This critique laid the groundwork for contemporary views that emphasize accountability and consent in governmental authority. By establishing that power should not be concentrated in one individual without checks, Locke's ideas shaped modern democratic governance and challenged traditional hierarchies.
• Discuss how Locke’s definition of natural rights in the second treatise reflects his understanding of individual freedom within society.
  • Locke defines natural rights as inherent to every individual, emphasizing that life, liberty, and property must be protected by government. This understanding reflects his belief that individuals enter into a social contract to preserve these rights while maintaining their freedom. The government's role becomes one of protection rather than oppression, ensuring that individual freedoms are respected within a structured society.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of Locke’s 'Two Treatises of Government' on modern democratic theories and practices.
  • Locke’s 'Two Treatises of Government' has had a profound long-term impact on modern democratic theories by establishing principles such as popular sovereignty, limited government, and the right to revolution. These concepts have influenced various democratic movements around the world, providing a philosophical foundation for political systems that prioritize individual rights and governmental accountability. As nations continue to grapple with issues of governance, Locke's ideas remain relevant in discussions about democracy and human rights.

Related terms

Natural Rights: Rights that individuals have inherently, simply by being human, including life, liberty, and property, which are central to Locke's philosophy.

Social Contract: The theory that individuals consent to form a society and establish a government to protect their rights and maintain order.

Limited Government: A governing body whose power is restricted by law, typically through a constitution, ensuring individual freedoms and preventing tyranny.