Black smokers are hydrothermal vents found on the ocean floor, emitting dark, mineral-rich water heated by geothermal energy. These unique geological features are primarily located along mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys, where tectonic plates diverge, allowing seawater to penetrate the Earth's crust and interact with magma. The extreme environments around black smokers support a diverse array of life, showcasing the connections between geological processes and biological ecosystems.
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