HPA axis activation refers to the process by which the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands interact to regulate the body's response to stress. When an individual encounters a stressor, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), stimulating the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn prompts the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. This mechanism is crucial for understanding how both acute and chronic stress can impact physical and mental health.
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