Static electricity

Definition

Static electricity is the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects, typically caused by friction between different materials. These charges remain stationary until they are discharged.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Static electricity results from an imbalance between positive and negative charges in objects.
2. The Coulomb's law describes the force between two point charges, which is foundational for understanding static electric interactions.
3. Electrostatic induction can cause a redistribution of charges within a neutral object when a charged object is brought near it.
4. Materials are classified as conductors or insulators based on their ability to allow or resist the movement of static charges.
5. Grounding provides a path for excess charge to dissipate safely into the Earth, preventing electrostatic buildup.

Review Questions

• What causes static electricity and how does it differ from current electricity?
• How does Coulomb's law apply to static electricity?
• Explain electrostatic induction and its effects on neutral objects.

Related terms

Coulomb's Law: $$F = k_e \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}$$ describes the force between two point charges $q_1$ and $q_2$ separated by distance $r$, where $k_e$ is Coulomb's constant.

Electrostatic Induction: The process by which a charged object induces a redistribution of charges in a nearby neutral object without direct contact.

Grounding: Providing a path for excess electrical charge to flow safely into the Earth, preventing accumulation of static charge.