Short circuit

Definition

A short circuit occurs when an unintended low-resistance path is created in an electrical circuit, allowing excessive current to flow. This can lead to overheating, damage, or even fires if not properly managed.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Short circuits often occur due to faulty wiring or insulation failure.
2. Short circuits can result in a sudden drop in resistance and a surge in current.
3. Fuses and circuit breakers are used to protect against the dangers of short circuits by interrupting the flow of excessive current.
4. In household wiring, a short circuit can be caused by damaged wires, loose connections, or contact between live wires and neutral/ground wires.
5. Short circuits pose significant safety hazards, including electrical fires and equipment damage.

Review Questions

• What are common causes of short circuits in household wiring?
• How do fuses and circuit breakers help prevent damage from short circuits?
• What safety hazards are associated with short circuits?

Related terms

Fuse:

A safety device that interrupts the flow of current when it exceeds a certain level, protecting the circuit from damage.

Circuit Breaker:

An automatic switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit by interrupting the flow of electricity.

Ground Fault: An unintentional electrical path between a power source and a grounded surface, which can cause electric shock or fire hazards.