Short circuit

Definition

A short circuit occurs when there is a direct connection between two points in an electrical circuit that have different potentials, allowing current to flow along an unintended path with little or no resistance. This can lead to excessive current flow and potential damage to the circuit.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Short circuits can cause significant increases in current, potentially damaging components and creating fire hazards.
2. They often occur due to faulty wiring, damaged insulation, or improper connections.
3. In circuits protected by fuses or circuit breakers, a short circuit will typically trigger these protective devices to prevent further damage.
4. Short circuits are dangerous because they can generate large amounts of heat very quickly.
5. Proper insulation and regular maintenance of electrical systems can help prevent short circuits.

Review Questions

• What are common causes of short circuits?
• How do fuses and circuit breakers respond to a short circuit?
• Why are short circuits considered hazardous?

Related terms

Fuse:

A safety device that protects an electric circuit by breaking the connection if the current exceeds a safe level.

Circuit Breaker:

An automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current.

Resistance:

$R = \frac{V}{I}$; The measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in a material.