Lorentz force equation

Definition

The Lorentz force equation describes the force experienced by a charged particle moving through an electric and magnetic field. It is given by $\mathbf{F} = q(\mathbf{E} + \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B})$, where $q$ is the charge, $\mathbf{E}$ is the electric field, $\mathbf{v}$ is the velocity of the particle, and $\mathbf{B}$ is the magnetic field.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Lorentz force combines both electric and magnetic forces acting on a charged particle.
2. Its mathematical form is $\mathbf{F} = q(\mathbf{E} + \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B})$.
3. In the absence of a magnetic field ($\mathbf{B} = 0$), it simplifies to $\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{E}$.
4. The direction of the magnetic component of the Lorentz force is given by the right-hand rule.
5. It plays a crucial role in understanding how electromagnetic waves interact with charged particles.

Review Questions

• What does each term represent in the equation $\mathbf{F} = q(\mathbf{E} + \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B})$?
• How does the Lorentz force change if there is no electric field present?
• Why is the right-hand rule important for determining the direction of the Lorentz force?

Related terms

Electromagnetic Waves: Waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space at the speed of light.

Maxwell's Equations: A set of four fundamental equations that describe how electric and magnetic fields behave and interact.

Right-Hand Rule: A mnemonic for determining the direction of vectors in cross-products, commonly used to find directions in electromagnetism.