Fermi level pinning is a phenomenon where the Fermi level of a semiconductor becomes fixed at a certain energy level due to the presence of interface states and charges at the surface or interface of the material. This effect occurs when the energy levels of these states align with the band edges, making it difficult for the Fermi level to shift in response to external influences, such as doping or temperature changes. Understanding Fermi level pinning is crucial for predicting the electrical behavior and performance of semiconductor devices.
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