Particle equilibrium

Definition

Particle equilibrium occurs when the net force acting on a particle is zero, resulting in no acceleration. In this state, the particle remains at rest or moves with constant velocity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. For a particle to be in equilibrium, the sum of all forces acting on it must be zero: $\sum \vec{F} = 0$.
2. Equilibrium can be static (particle at rest) or dynamic (particle moving with constant velocity).
3. Newton's First Law of Motion is directly related to the concept of particle equilibrium.
4. Free-body diagrams are essential tools for analyzing forces and achieving equilibrium conditions.
5. In two-dimensional problems, both the horizontal and vertical components of the forces must independently sum to zero: $\sum F_x = 0$ and $\sum F_y = 0$.

Review Questions

• What condition must be met for a particle to be in equilibrium?
• How does Newton's First Law relate to particle equilibrium?
• Why are free-body diagrams important when solving for particle equilibrium?

Related terms

Net Force: The vector sum of all individual forces acting on an object. When net force is zero, an object is in equilibrium.

Static Equilibrium: A state where a particle is at rest and remains at rest because the net force is zero.

Dynamic Equilibrium: $Condition where a moving particle continues to move with constant velocity because the net force acting on it is zero.$