Overtones

Definition

Overtones are higher frequency standing wave patterns that occur in addition to the fundamental frequency in a vibrating system. They contribute to the timbre of a sound.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Overtones are also known as harmonics when they are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
2. The first overtone is the second harmonic, the second overtone is the third harmonic, and so on.
3. In a closed tube, overtones are only odd-numbered harmonics (e.g., 1st, 3rd, 5th).
4. Overtones influence the richness and quality of musical notes produced by instruments.
5. The presence and strength of overtones depend on the shape and material of the vibrating medium.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes an overtone from the fundamental frequency?
• Why do closed tubes only produce odd-numbered harmonics as overtones?
• How do overtones affect the timbre of musical instruments?

Related terms

Fundamental Frequency: The lowest frequency at which a system naturally vibrates. It is also known as the first harmonic.

Harmonics: Frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency in a vibrating system.

Standing Wave: $$A wave that remains in a constant position with nodes and antinodes formed due to interference.$$