Stationary state

Definition

A stationary state refers to a quantum state of a system that does not change over time, characterized by a wave function that is a solution to the time-independent Schrödinger equation. In this state, the probability distribution of finding a particle in a given region of space remains constant, meaning that the observable properties of the system are stable over time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In stationary states, the expectation values of observables, such as position and momentum, do not change with time, indicating a sort of stability in the system.
2. Stationary states are often associated with bound systems, like electrons in an atom, where they occupy specific energy levels or orbitals.
3. The wave functions corresponding to stationary states are typically sinusoidal functions, which leads to standing waves in confined systems.
4. Transitions between stationary states can occur through interactions with external fields or particles, often resulting in changes to energy levels.
5. The concept of stationary states is crucial for understanding quantum mechanics as it helps explain phenomena like atomic spectra and electron configurations.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of a stationary state relate to the stability of a quantum system over time?
  • A stationary state signifies that the properties of a quantum system remain unchanged as time progresses. This means that when a system is in a stationary state, its probability distribution is static and does not evolve, which contrasts with non-stationary states where observable properties can fluctuate. This stability is essential for understanding how particles behave in confined systems like atoms, where electrons exist in fixed energy levels.
• Describe the role of the Schrödinger equation in determining stationary states and how it relates to wave functions.
  • The Schrödinger equation is pivotal in quantum mechanics as it provides the framework for identifying stationary states. When solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation, one obtains wave functions that correspond to specific energy levels of a system. These wave functions encapsulate the characteristics of stationary states and help in calculating properties such as energy and probability distributions, thereby linking mathematical formulations to physical interpretations.
• Evaluate how understanding stationary states contributes to advancements in fields such as quantum computing or spectroscopy.
  • Understanding stationary states has significant implications for advancements in quantum computing and spectroscopy. In quantum computing, exploiting stationary states allows for stable qubit designs that can maintain their information without rapid decay, enabling more efficient computations. In spectroscopy, knowledge of stationary states aids in interpreting atomic and molecular spectra by relating energy transitions to changes between these states. This foundational understanding enhances our ability to manipulate and explore quantum systems for practical applications.

Related terms

wave function: A mathematical function that describes the quantum state of a particle or system, containing all the information about its position and momentum.

Schrödinger equation: A fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes how the quantum state of a physical system evolves over time.

probability density: The square of the absolute value of the wave function, representing the likelihood of finding a particle in a specific location in space.