Kalam cosmological argument

Definition

The kalam cosmological argument is a philosophical argument for the existence of God that asserts that the universe had a beginning and therefore must have a cause. This argument emphasizes that everything that begins to exist has a cause, and since the universe began to exist, it follows that there must be a transcendent cause outside of the universe, often identified as God. The kalam argument is significant in discussions about the nature of existence and the implications of causality.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The kalam cosmological argument has its roots in medieval Islamic philosophy, particularly through thinkers like Al-Ghazali.
2. It is structured in three main premises: 1) Whatever begins to exist has a cause; 2) The universe began to exist; 3) Therefore, the universe has a cause.
3. Philosophers supporting this argument often use modern scientific theories, like the Big Bang theory, to assert that the universe is not eternal but had a definite starting point.
4. Critics of the kalam argument question the premise that everything that begins to exist requires a cause, especially when applied to quantum mechanics, where events may appear to happen without clear causes.
5. The conclusion of the kalam argument leads many to posit a personal creator, as opposed to an impersonal force, due to the nature of causation suggested in the argument.

Review Questions

• How does the kalam cosmological argument utilize scientific theories to support its claims about the beginning of the universe?
  • The kalam cosmological argument incorporates modern scientific theories, particularly the Big Bang theory, to bolster its assertion that the universe began to exist. By referencing this scientific understanding, proponents argue that if the universe had a specific starting point, it suggests that it is not eternal and thus must have a cause. This connection between philosophical reasoning and empirical evidence serves to strengthen the overall case for God's existence as the cause behind the universe.
• What are some key objections raised against the kalam cosmological argument regarding causation?
  • Critics raise significant objections against the kalam cosmological argument by questioning its core premise that everything which begins to exist has a cause. In quantum physics, certain events seem to occur without specific causes, leading some philosophers to argue that causation might not apply uniformly at all levels of reality. Additionally, skeptics may challenge whether causation can be applied meaningfully before time itself began with the universe's inception.
• Evaluate how the kalam cosmological argument impacts broader discussions on existence and metaphysics in philosophy.
  • The kalam cosmological argument plays a crucial role in metaphysical discussions about existence by challenging assumptions regarding time and causality. By positing that the universe has a cause, it compels philosophers and scientists alike to explore deeper questions about what it means for something to exist and what types of entities can be considered causes. This examination prompts further inquiry into whether such causes are personal or impersonal and how they relate to our understanding of reality itself.

Related terms

Cosmology: The scientific study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

Contingency: The concept that some things depend on other things for their existence and are not necessary in themselves.

Causation: The relationship between events where one event (the cause) leads to the occurrence of another event (the effect).