Viruses

Definition

Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. They are responsible for a wide range of diseases, including the common cold and COVID-19.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Viruses consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.
2. Unlike bacteria, viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics; they require antiviral medications to manage infections.
3. Antiviral drugs work by inhibiting the virus's ability to replicate within host cells.
4. Vaccines can prevent viral infections by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific viruses.
5. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to significant advancements in antiviral drug development and vaccine technology.

Review Questions

• What is the primary structural difference between viruses and bacteria?
• How do antiviral drugs differ from antibiotics in their mechanism of action?
• Why are vaccines important in preventing viral infections?

Related terms

Antiviral Drugs: Medications used to treat viral infections by inhibiting the virus's replication.

Antibiotics: Drugs used to treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting bacteria.

Vaccines: Biological preparations that provide immunity to specific infectious diseases, often by exposing the immune system to antigens.