Tonic-clonic seizures are a type of generalized seizure characterized by muscle stiffness (tonic phase) followed by rhythmic muscle contractions (clonic phase). They often result in loss of consciousness and can last several minutes.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Tonic-clonic seizures were formerly known as grand mal seizures.
They are often treated with anticonvulsant drugs such as phenytoin, valproate, and carbamazepine.
During the tonic phase, the person may cry out or make noise due to muscle contractions forcing air out of the lungs.
The clonic phase typically involves violent jerking movements and may result in injuries if the individual falls or hits objects.
Postictal state follows the seizure, where the person may be confused, tired, or have memory lapses.
Review Questions
What are the two phases of a tonic-clonic seizure?
Which class of drugs is commonly used to manage tonic-clonic seizures?
Describe what happens during the postictal state following a tonic-clonic seizure.
Related terms
Absence Seizures: A type of generalized seizure that involves brief lapses in awareness and activity.
Myoclonic Seizures: Seizures characterized by sudden, brief involuntary muscle jerks.
Status Epilepticus: A medical emergency where a person has prolonged seizures without recovery between them.