Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Definition

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are medications used to treat hypertension and edema by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through urine. They act on the distal convoluted tubule in the kidneys to inhibit sodium reabsorption.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. They are commonly used as first-line treatment for hypertension.
2. Thiazides can cause hypokalemia due to increased potassium excretion.
3. They have a longer duration of action compared to loop diuretics but a milder diuretic effect.
4. These diuretics can also reduce calcium excretion, which may be beneficial for patients with osteoporosis.
5. Chlorthalidone is an example of a thiazide-like diuretic with a longer half-life than hydrochlorothiazide.

Review Questions

• What is the primary site of action for thiazide diuretics in the kidney?
• Why might a patient taking thiazide diuretics be at risk for hypokalemia?
• Name one benefit of thiazides related to calcium excretion.

Related terms

Loop Diuretics: Medications that act on the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Diuretics that help retain potassium while promoting sodium and water excretion.

Hypertension: A chronic medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.