Spironolactone

Definition

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that antagonizes aldosterone in the distal renal tubules, leading to increased sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium. It is commonly used to treat conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and certain cases of edema.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Spironolactone works by blocking aldosterone receptors in the distal nephron, which reduces sodium reabsorption and increases potassium retention.
2. It is often prescribed for patients with heart failure to reduce fluid overload without causing hypokalemia.
3. Common side effects include hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, and menstrual irregularities due to its endocrine effects.
4. Spironolactone can interact with other medications that increase potassium levels, such as ACE inhibitors and ARBs, leading to an elevated risk of hyperkalemia.
5. Patients should have their electrolyte levels monitored regularly when on spironolactone therapy to prevent complications like hyperkalemia.

Review Questions

• What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
• Why might spironolactone be preferred over other diuretics for patients at risk of hypokalemia?
• What are some common side effects associated with spironolactone?

Related terms

Furosemide: A loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

ACE Inhibitors: A class of drugs that inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing blood pressure and decreasing workload on the heart.

Aldosterone Antagonists: Drugs that block the action of aldosterone at its receptor sites in the kidneys, promoting sodium excretion and potassium retention.