Refractive errors

Definition

Refractive errors are vision problems that occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. Common types include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Refractive errors can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
2. Myopia (nearsightedness) causes distant objects to appear blurry.
3. Hyperopia (farsightedness) results in close objects appearing blurry.
4. Astigmatism is caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens leading to distorted vision.
5. Presbyopia is an age-related condition where the eye's lens loses flexibility, making it difficult to focus on close objects.

Review Questions

• What are the primary methods to correct refractive errors?
• Describe how myopia and hyperopia affect vision differently.
• What causes astigmatism and how does it impact vision?

Related terms

Myopia: A condition where distant objects appear blurry due to the elongation of the eyeball.

Hyperopia: A condition where close objects appear blurry because the eyeball is too short.

Astigmatism: Vision distortion caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.