Pheochromocytoma

Definition

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland tissue that results in excess production of catecholamines, such as adrenaline. It can cause severe hypertension and other cardiovascular issues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pheochromocytoma can significantly impact blood sugar levels, complicating diabetes management.
2. Patients with pheochromocytoma often present with symptoms like palpitations, headaches, and sweating due to excessive catecholamine production.
3. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is confirmed through elevated levels of metanephrines in plasma or urine tests.
4. Management includes surgical removal of the tumor and pharmacological control of blood pressure before surgery using alpha-blockers and beta-blockers.
5. Glucose intolerance or new-onset diabetes can occur in patients with pheochromocytoma due to the effects of catecholamines on glucose metabolism.

Review Questions

• How does pheochromocytoma affect blood sugar levels in diabetic patients?
• What are common symptoms associated with pheochromocytoma?
• Which pharmacological agents are used to manage blood pressure in patients with pheochromocytoma pre-surgery?

Related terms

Catecholamines: Hormones produced by the adrenal glands, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, which play a role in stress response.

Alpha-blockers: Medications that relax certain muscles and help small blood vessels remain open; commonly used to treat high blood pressure.

Metanephrines: Metabolites of catecholamines measured in diagnostic testing for pheochromocytoma.