Nitrates

Definition

Nitrates are a class of medications used to treat angina and hypertension by dilating blood vessels. They increase blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart while reducing its workload.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nitrates work primarily by converting to nitric oxide, which relaxes smooth muscles in blood vessels.
2. Common nitrates include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate.
3. Sublingual nitroglycerin is often used for rapid relief of acute angina attacks.
4. Tolerance to nitrates can develop with continuous use, necessitating a nitrate-free interval.
5. Side effects of nitrates may include headaches, hypotension, dizziness, and reflex tachycardia.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action of nitrates?
• Name three commonly used nitrate medications.
• Why is it important to have a nitrate-free interval when using nitrates?

Related terms

Angina Pectoris: Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

Hypotension: Abnormally low blood pressure.

Nitric Oxide: A molecule that causes vasodilation by relaxing smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls.