Nervous system

Definition

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It comprises the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all other neural elements.
2. Neurotransmitters play a key role in signal transmission within the nervous system.
3. The autonomic nervous system, part of the PNS, regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
4. Pharmacological agents can affect neurotransmitter activity to treat various neurological disorders.
5. Myelin sheaths around axons speed up electrical signal transmission.

Review Questions

• What are the two main components of the central nervous system?
• How do neurotransmitters influence signal transmission in the nervous system?
• What is the role of myelin sheaths in neuronal communication?

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Synapse: The junction between two neurons where information is transmitted.

Autonomic Nervous System: A part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions.