Mesangial cells

Definition

Mesangial cells are specialized cells located in the kidneys within the glomerulus, playing a crucial role in the regulation of blood filtration and maintaining the structure of glomerular capillaries.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mesangial cells are involved in phagocytosis, helping to remove trapped residues and aggregated proteins from the glomerular basement membrane.
2. They possess contractile properties that help regulate blood flow through glomerular capillaries by altering their surface area.
3. These cells secrete extracellular matrix components, which contribute to the structural integrity of the glomerulus.
4. Mesangial cells can respond to various cytokines and growth factors, influencing inflammatory responses within the kidney.
5. Damage or dysfunction of mesangial cells can lead to diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of mesangial cells in the kidneys?
• How do mesangial cells contribute to maintaining the structure of glomerular capillaries?
• In what way can mesangial cell dysfunction affect kidney health?

Related terms

Glomerulus: A network of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron responsible for filtering blood.

Extracellular Matrix: A network of non-cellular components present within tissues that provide structural and biochemical support.

Phagocytosis: The process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles.