Larynx

Definition

The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is a crucial part of the upper respiratory system. It is a complex structure that houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in speech, swallowing, and protecting the airway.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The larynx is located between the pharynx and the trachea, connecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
2. It contains several pairs of intrinsic muscles that control the movement and tension of the vocal cords, allowing for the production of a wide range of sounds.
3. The larynx plays a crucial role in protecting the lower respiratory system by reflexively closing the glottis (the opening between the vocal cords) during swallowing, coughing, and vomiting.
4. The larynx undergoes significant changes during puberty, leading to the deepening of the voice in males due to the growth and thickening of the vocal cords.
5. Disorders of the larynx, such as laryngitis, vocal cord paralysis, and laryngeal cancer, can significantly impact speech, breathing, and swallowing.

Review Questions

• Describe the primary functions of the larynx within the upper respiratory system.
  • The larynx serves three main functions in the upper respiratory system: 1) Speech production, as the vocal cords vibrate to generate sound waves for speech; 2) Airway protection, by reflexively closing the glottis during swallowing, coughing, and vomiting to prevent aspiration; and 3) Respiration, as it connects the upper and lower respiratory tracts, allowing for the passage of air in and out of the lungs.
• Explain the role of the laryngeal muscles and cartilages in the function of the larynx.
  • The intrinsic muscles of the larynx, such as the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles, control the movement and tension of the vocal cords, allowing for the production of a wide range of sounds during speech. The laryngeal cartilages, including the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages, provide the structural framework for the larynx and facilitate the precise movements required for phonation, swallowing, and airway protection.
• Discuss the significance of the laryngeal changes that occur during puberty and how they impact vocal production.
  • During puberty, the larynx undergoes significant growth and development, particularly in males. The vocal cords thicken and lengthen, leading to a deepening of the voice. This is due to the increased production of male sex hormones, such as testosterone, which stimulate the growth and maturation of the laryngeal structures. These pubertal changes in the larynx are crucial for the development of the adult voice and allow for the production of a wider range of vocal frequencies and timbres.

Related terms

Vocal Cords: The two folds of mucous membrane and muscle tissue within the larynx that vibrate to produce sound for speech.

Epiglottis: A thin, leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway.

Thyroid Cartilage: The largest and most prominent cartilage of the larynx, which forms the 'Adam's apple' in the neck.