Ischemia

Definition

Ischemia is a condition characterized by insufficient blood flow to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and nutrients needed for cellular metabolism. It can lead to tissue damage or dysfunction, particularly in vital organs like the heart.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ischemia is often caused by blockages in blood vessels due to atherosclerosis or thrombosis.
2. Cardiac ischemia can result in angina pectoris, which is chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
3. Prolonged ischemia can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack), where part of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen.
4. Pharmacological treatments for ischemia include antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytics to improve blood flow.
5. Monitoring and managing risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking are crucial in preventing ischemic events.

Review Questions

• What are common causes of ischemia?
• How does cardiac ischemia manifest clinically?
• What pharmacological treatments are used to manage ischemia?

Related terms

Angina Pectoris: Chest pain resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

Myocardial Infarction: A condition where part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies due to prolonged lack of oxygen.

Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.