Hypertonic solutions

Definition

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid inside cells, leading to water moving out of the cells by osmosis. This causes cells to shrink and can be used medically to manage specific conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hypertonic solutions are commonly used in intravenous therapy to treat severe hyponatremia.
2. Administration of hypertonic solutions requires careful monitoring for signs of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances.
3. Common examples of hypertonic solutions include 3% saline and 5% dextrose in normal saline (D5NS).
4. Hypertonic solutions can cause irritation and damage to veins, so they are often administered through central lines.
5. They can help reduce cerebral edema by drawing fluid out of brain cells and into the bloodstream.

Review Questions

• What is the primary effect of administering a hypertonic solution on cell size?
• Why must patients receiving hypertonic solutions be closely monitored?
• Name two common medical uses for hypertonic solutions.

Related terms

Isotonic Solution: A solution with the same solute concentration as the fluid inside cells, causing no net movement of water.

Hypotonic Solution: A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the fluid inside cells, causing water to move into the cells.

Osmosis: The process by which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.