Hyperphosphatemia

Definition

Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance characterized by abnormally high levels of phosphate in the blood. It often results from chronic kidney disease or excessive dietary intake.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The normal serum phosphate level ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL; hyperphosphatemia is typically defined as levels above 4.5 mg/dL.
2. Common causes include chronic kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, and excessive use of phosphate-containing laxatives or enemas.
3. Symptoms can include muscle cramps, tetany, and perioral numbness; severe cases may lead to cardiovascular complications like arrhythmias.
4. Treatment often involves dietary phosphate restriction, use of phosphate binders, and addressing underlying conditions such as renal failure.
5. High phosphate levels can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism due to feedback mechanisms involving calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Review Questions

• What are the common causes of hyperphosphatemia?
• List at least three symptoms associated with hyperphosphatemia.
• How is hyperphosphatemia commonly treated in patients with chronic kidney disease?

Related terms

Hypophosphatemia: A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of phosphate in the blood.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A long-term condition where the kidneys do not work effectively.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium and phosphate levels.