HMG CoA reductase

Definition

HMG CoA reductase is an enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis within the liver. It plays a crucial role in converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly known as statins and are used to lower cholesterol levels.
2. Inhibition of HMG CoA reductase reduces the production of mevalonate, decreasing cholesterol synthesis.
3. Statins not only lower LDL cholesterol but also have anti-inflammatory and plaque-stabilizing effects.
4. Common side effects of statins include muscle pain, liver enzyme abnormalities, and increased blood sugar levels.
5. Patients taking statins should avoid grapefruit juice as it can interfere with drug metabolism.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol synthesis?
• How do statins affect HMG CoA reductase activity?
• List two potential side effects of using statins.

Related terms

Statins: Drugs that inhibit HMG CoA reductase to lower cholesterol levels.

LDL Cholesterol: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol.

Mevalonate Pathway: The metabolic pathway that produces mevalonate, a precursor for cholesterol synthesis.