Fat emulsions

Definition

Fat emulsions are lipid-based solutions used in intravenous therapy to provide essential fatty acids and calories to patients who cannot consume food orally. They are commonly used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency and promote energy balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fat emulsions are typically composed of soybean oil, egg phospholipids, glycerin, and water.
2. They provide a dense source of calories at approximately 9 kcal/g, making them essential for patients requiring high-energy intake.
3. These emulsions must be administered through a central or peripheral IV line under sterile conditions to prevent infection.
4. Common side effects can include hyperlipidemia, allergic reactions, and fat overload syndrome.
5. Monitoring of liver function tests and triglyceride levels is crucial during administration to avoid complications.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components of fat emulsions used in intravenous therapy?
• Why is it important to monitor liver function tests and triglyceride levels in patients receiving fat emulsions?
• What are some common side effects associated with the use of fat emulsions in TPN?

Related terms

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): A method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract by delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

Intravenous Therapy: The administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a vein.

Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency: A condition that occurs when there is an insufficient intake of essential fatty acids, leading to various health problems.