Extrapyramidal symptoms

Definition

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are drug-induced movement disorders that include various involuntary muscle movements, typically caused by antipsychotic and antiemetic medications. Symptoms can range from mild tremors to severe motor dysfunction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. EPS are commonly associated with first-generation (typical) antipsychotics but can also occur with second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and some antiemetics.
2. Symptoms of EPS include dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia.
3. EPS are often managed with dose reduction or discontinuation of the offending drug, or the use of anticholinergic medications like benztropine and diphenhydramine.
4. Monitoring for EPS is crucial in patients starting on antipsychotics or high-dose antiemetics.
5. Risk factors for developing EPS include high doses of medication, longer duration of therapy, older age, and female gender.

Review Questions

• What types of medications are most commonly associated with extrapyramidal symptoms?
• Name at least three different types of extrapyramidal symptoms and provide a brief description of each.
• What are some common strategies used to manage extrapyramidal symptoms?

Related terms

Antipsychotics: Medications used primarily to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

Antiemetics: Drugs that help prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting.

Tardive Dyskinesia: A serious side effect characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, often caused by long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.