Emphysema

Definition

Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by the destruction of the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange. It is a type of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) often associated with long-term smoking.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Emphysema leads to difficulty in breathing due to reduced surface area for gas exchange.
2. It is commonly caused by cigarette smoking but can also result from long-term exposure to other irritants like air pollution and chemical fumes.
3. Patients often present with symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chronic cough.
4. Pharmacological treatments include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy.
5. Emphysema can be diagnosed using pulmonary function tests, chest X-rays, and CT scans.

Review Questions

• What are the primary causes of emphysema?
• Which pharmacological treatments are commonly used for managing emphysema?
• How does emphysema affect the alveoli and overall lung function?

Related terms

Bronchodilators: Medications that relax bronchial muscles to improve airflow.

Chronic Bronchitis: A type of COPD characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchi.

Pulmonary Function Tests: Tests that measure how well the lungs are working by assessing airflow and gas exchange.