Colloidal oncotic pressure

Definition

Colloidal oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins, primarily albumin, which helps maintain fluid balance by drawing water into the circulatory system. It plays a crucial role in preventing edema and regulating blood volume.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Colloidal oncotic pressure is mainly generated by albumin, which makes up approximately 60% of total plasma protein.
2. A decrease in colloidal oncotic pressure can lead to edema as fluid moves from the bloodstream into interstitial spaces.
3. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) solutions may include albumin to help maintain colloidal oncotic pressure in patients who cannot eat or absorb nutrients orally.
4. In conditions like nephrotic syndrome or liver cirrhosis, reduced synthesis of plasma proteins can result in decreased colloidal oncotic pressure.
5. Administering intravenous fluids with high protein content can help restore colloidal oncotic pressure in patients experiencing severe hypoalbuminemia.

Review Questions

• What is the primary plasma protein responsible for colloidal oncotic pressure?
• How does a decrease in colloidal oncotic pressure contribute to edema?
• Why might Total Parenteral Nutrition include albumin?

Related terms

Albumin: A type of plasma protein that significantly contributes to maintaining colloidal oncotic pressure.

Edema: The accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, often due to low colloidal oncotic pressure.

Hypoalbuminemia: A condition characterized by low levels of albumin in the blood, potentially leading to decreased colloidal oncotic pressure.