Clonidine

Definition

Clonidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used primarily to treat hypertension and certain psychiatric disorders. It can also be used off-label for managing symptoms of anxiety and opioid withdrawal.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Clonidine works by decreasing sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system, which lowers blood pressure.
2. It is sometimes prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a nonstimulant option.
3. In psychiatric settings, clonidine may be used to reduce anxiety and manage withdrawal symptoms from opioids.
4. Common side effects include dry mouth, drowsiness, and constipation.
5. Clonidine should be tapered off gradually to avoid rebound hypertension.

Review Questions

• What are the primary uses of clonidine in clinical practice?
• How does clonidine exert its pharmacological effects on the body?
• Why is it important to taper off clonidine rather than stopping abruptly?

Related terms

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist: A class of drugs that reduce sympathetic nerve impulses and decrease blood pressure.

ADHD Nonstimulants: Medications used to treat ADHD that do not involve stimulant effects, such as atomoxetine.

Rebound Hypertension: A sudden increase in blood pressure that can occur if antihypertensive medications like clonidine are stopped abruptly.