Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Definition

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, leading to difficulty breathing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. COPD is primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke.
2. The main symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production.
3. Treatment options for COPD include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation.
4. Pulmonary function tests, like spirometry, are essential for diagnosing COPD by measuring the volume and speed of air a person can exhale.
5. Exacerbations or flare-ups in COPD patients can be triggered by infections or environmental pollutants and require immediate medical attention.

Review Questions

• What are the primary causes of COPD?
• Which diagnostic test is commonly used to measure lung function in COPD patients?
• What are some common treatments for managing COPD?

Related terms

Emphysema: A condition that involves damage to the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs leading to shortness of breath.

Chronic Bronchitis: A form of COPD characterized by persistent inflammation of the bronchi causing cough and mucus production.

Bronchodilators: Medications that help open up airways in the lungs by relaxing bronchial muscles, making it easier to breathe.