Children and adolescents

Definition

Children and adolescents are individuals typically categorized from birth to 18 years old. In pharmacology, this group requires special considerations due to ongoing development and differing drug metabolism compared to adults.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dosages for children and adolescents are often calculated based on weight or body surface area to ensure safety and efficacy.
2. Antipsychotic medications in this age group may have different side effect profiles, including higher risks of metabolic changes and extrapyramidal symptoms.
3. Pediatric hypertension can be managed with similar classes of antihypertensive drugs used in adults, but dosages must be carefully adjusted.
4. Weight management drugs are generally not recommended for children under the age of 12 unless explicitly prescribed by a healthcare provider due to severe obesity complications.
5. Pharmacokinetics—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion—can vary significantly in children and adolescents compared to adults.

Review Questions

• How do dosing strategies differ between children/adolescents and adults?
• What are some key considerations when prescribing antipsychotics to children?
• Why is pediatric hypertension treated differently than adult hypertension?

Related terms

Pharmacokinetics: The study of how drugs move through the body.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Side effects that affect movement control, often associated with antipsychotic medications.

Metabolic Changes: Alterations in metabolism that can include weight gain or changes in blood sugar levels.