Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)

Definition

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) are a class of drugs that reduce the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. They are often used to treat conditions like glaucoma, epilepsy, and certain types of edema.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CAIs work by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, which decreases the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
2. In the context of epilepsy, CAIs can help manage seizures by altering ionic balance and neuronal excitability.
3. Common side effects include metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and renal stones due to changes in acid-base balance.
4. Acetazolamide is one of the most frequently prescribed CAIs for treating acute mountain sickness and certain intracranial emergencies.
5. CAIs are contraindicated in patients with severe renal dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances.

Review Questions

• How do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors reduce intraocular pressure?
• What is one common CAI used for treating acute mountain sickness?
• Name a potential side effect associated with long-term use of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.

Related terms

Glaucoma: A condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can lead to optic nerve damage.

Epilepsy: A neurological disorder marked by recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

Metabolic Acidosis: A condition where there is too much acid in the body fluids due to decreased bicarbonate or increased acid levels.