Alcohol

Definition

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that is commonly consumed in beverages. It can lead to dependency and various health issues when used excessively.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alcohol affects neurotransmitter systems, including GABA and glutamate, leading to its depressant effects.
2. Chronic alcohol use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms.
3. Medications like disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate are used to treat Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).
4. Disulfiram works by causing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed.
5. Naltrexone reduces the euphoric effects of alcohol, while acamprosate helps maintain abstinence.

Review Questions

• What neurotransmitter systems are primarily affected by alcohol?
• Name three medications used to treat Alcohol Use Disorder and describe their mechanisms of action.
• How does chronic alcohol use lead to dependence?

Related terms

Disulfiram: A medication that causes adverse reactions when alcohol is consumed.

Naltrexone: A drug that blocks the euphoric effects of alcohol.

Acamprosate: A medication that helps maintain abstinence from alcohol.