Acromegaly

Definition

Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results from excess growth hormone (GH) in the body, typically caused by a pituitary adenoma. It leads to abnormal enlargement of bones and tissues, particularly noticeable in the hands, feet, and face.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a benign tumor on the pituitary gland known as a pituitary adenoma.
2. Excessive growth hormone secretion in acromegaly can lead to complications such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
3. Somatostatin analogs like octreotide are commonly used to manage acromegaly by inhibiting GH release.
4. Diagnostic evaluation for acromegaly often includes measuring levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and conducting an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
5. Surgical removal of the pituitary tumor is often considered the first line of treatment for acromegaly.

Review Questions

• What is the primary cause of acromegaly?
• Which medications are commonly used to suppress excess growth hormone in patients with acromegaly?
• What are some potential complications associated with untreated or poorly managed acromegaly?

Related terms

Pituitary Adenoma: A benign tumor on the pituitary gland that can cause overproduction of hormones such as growth hormone.

Somatostatin Analogs: Drugs that mimic somatostatin to inhibit the release of certain hormones including growth hormone.

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1): A protein produced in response to GH that plays a key role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults.