Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Definition

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It severely weakens the immune system, making the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. AIDS is diagnosed when a person's CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm³ or they develop specific opportunistic infections.
2. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is the primary treatment approach for AIDS, aiming to reduce viral load and improve immune function.
3. Common opportunistic infections associated with AIDS include Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), tuberculosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma.
4. Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U): Effective antiretroviral treatment can lower HIV to undetectable levels, preventing transmission of the virus.
5. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is crucial for managing AIDS and preventing drug resistance.

Review Questions

• What criteria are used to diagnose AIDS in an HIV-positive individual?
• How does Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) benefit patients with AIDS?
• Name three common opportunistic infections seen in patients with AIDS.

Related terms

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): The virus that causes AIDS by attacking the immune system.

Opportunistic Infection: Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Antiretrovirals: Drugs used to treat HIV infection by inhibiting various stages of the virus's lifecycle.