Intestinal paralysis

Definition

Intestinal paralysis, also known as ileus, is a condition where there is a temporary cessation of bowel activity, leading to a lack of movement in the intestines. This condition can result in abdominal distension, pain, and the inability to pass gas or stool. It can be caused by various factors, including surgery, medications, or underlying medical conditions, and is a significant concern in the context of lower gastrointestinal tract disorders.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Intestinal paralysis can occur after abdominal surgery, particularly when the intestines are manipulated or irritated during the procedure.
2. Medications such as opioids can slow down intestinal motility, leading to a higher risk of developing intestinal paralysis.
3. Symptoms of intestinal paralysis may include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal discomfort.
4. Management often includes supportive care such as bowel rest, fluid therapy, and addressing the underlying cause of the paralysis.
5. If left untreated, intestinal paralysis can lead to serious complications like bowel perforation or infection due to the buildup of gas and fluids.

Review Questions

• What are some common causes of intestinal paralysis and how do they impact bowel function?
  • Common causes of intestinal paralysis include recent abdominal surgery, certain medications like opioids, and various underlying medical conditions such as infections or metabolic disturbances. These factors disrupt normal bowel function by either mechanically obstructing movement or affecting the nervous control that stimulates peristalsis. As a result, bowel activity slows or stops completely, leading to symptoms such as distension and inability to pass stool.
• How does intestinal paralysis differ from bowel obstruction in terms of diagnosis and treatment?
  • While both intestinal paralysis and bowel obstruction can present with similar symptoms, their diagnosis involves different approaches. Intestinal paralysis is primarily diagnosed through clinical assessment and sometimes imaging studies that show no physical blockage. Treatment typically focuses on supportive care, including bowel rest. In contrast, bowel obstruction often requires interventions aimed at relieving the blockage, which may involve surgical procedures if conservative management fails.
• Evaluate the potential complications associated with untreated intestinal paralysis and their implications for patient care.
  • Untreated intestinal paralysis can lead to severe complications such as bowel ischemia or perforation due to increased pressure from trapped gas and fluid. This situation can escalate into a life-threatening condition requiring emergency intervention. The implications for patient care include close monitoring for signs of worsening symptoms and timely intervention to prevent serious outcomes. Understanding these risks emphasizes the importance of managing underlying causes and ensuring appropriate treatment strategies are in place.

Related terms

Ileus: A specific type of intestinal paralysis characterized by a lack of peristalsis or movement in the intestines.

Peristalsis: The involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles in the intestines that moves food through the digestive tract.

Bowel Obstruction: A blockage in the intestines that prevents the normal passage of contents, which can lead to symptoms similar to intestinal paralysis.